FLAKED IOFF SERIES

'Flintknapping: Series in Ancient Technologies: The Office of the State Archaeologist at The University of Iowa since 1959.' Flintknapping: Series in Ancient Technologies: The Office of the State Archaeologist at The University of Iowa since 1959.Oxford Concise Dictionary of Archaeology, Oxford: Oxford University Press. The next part of the flake is the ripple marks followed by the negative flake scars which are located on the dorsal side from earlier flake markings. The third part of the flake is the radial fissures. The next being an eraillure which is a flake that has been taken off of the lithic bulb of percussion. Each flake has 5 different parts: the first of which is a bulb of percussion which can also be known as the bulb of force. These flake tools also have characteristics that show that these tools were made as a result of human work instead of natural processes. All of these processes can help us to understand our human ancestors and how, why and when they created flake tools. This is the technological process of putting rock shards back together in their original shape in order to get a good idea of how the tool was created. Archaeologists also use a process called re-fitting. Use-wear analysis can give archaeologists an idea of what the flake tool was used for. Residue analysis can be done to learn what was processed by the flake tools. How archaeologists study flake tools įlake tools can teach us much about human history. These would all be excellent materials for creating flake tools. Examples of such materials include fine-grained materials, such as carbonado, volcanic rocks, obsidian, onyx, and types of glass. The production of these lithic tools is only made possible due to their ability to fracture in this way. When the stone is struck, the blow from the strike is distributed onto the rock in an even fashion, giving the fracture a radial appearance. Conchoidal fracture describes the way in which materials break when they do not follow the natural planes of separation. Since these rocks are not composed of large quartz crystals, they often break as easily as glass and then make conchoidal fractures. These cryptocrystalline rocks are composed of microscopic crystal like patterns. Cryptocrystalline relates to a stone structure that is made up of such minute crystals that its crystalline structure is only vaguely revealed. There are two important characteristics when it comes to creating flake tools, cryptocrystalline and conchoidal fracture. Types of stone used to create flake tools Ĭertain types of stone work better for creating flake tools than others. One simply applies outward and downward pressure to achieve the final flake tool. It involves using a piece of bone, antler, or piece of hardwood in order to have more control of the flakes knocked off of the lithic core. Soft hammer percussion was also used when the stone was more brittle. It allows the user more control over the size and shape of the flake knocked off. Animal antlers such as moose, deer and elk were often the most common ones used. It involves using a hammer made of bone, which was often antler, in order to knock off flakes from the lithic core. Soft hammer percussion is the second step.This method was often used to flake large core flakes of hard rock. In using hard hammer percussion the flake tools were made by taking metamorphic or igneous rock such as granite or quartz and striking it against the stone. It involves knocking off the larger flakes to achieve the desired lithic core for the flake tool. Hard hammer percussion is the first step.There are three steps to lithic reduction: The beginning stone is called the flake lithic core. Lithic reduction is the removal of a lithic flake from a larger stone in order to reach the desired tool shape and size. 2 Types of stone used to create flake tools.

Flaked ioff